Darius and Rick, I'm really confused. I don't know what versions of Peterson's Warblers (Dunn and Garrett) and Warblers of the Americas (Curson, Quinn and Beadle) you guys are looking at, but they don't show young males in brown-olive plumage and they do discuss the white primary patch. Dunn and Garrett note that juveniles are brownish above, but that plumage is long gone before they migrate. Pyle points out that young males frequently show their typical adult-like plumage before they are fledged. The only brown backed Black-throated Blue Warblers we would see here in migration are females. Both books note that the white patch is indistinct in first fall females. Dunn and Garrett note that about 10% of the first fall females lack the white patch in the wing altogether. The rest, including all older females and all males have the patch. I guess they are non-smokers. I hope this clears up the question. Pardon my lecture, but things seemed to be getting out of hand. Paul O'Brien Rockville, MD pobrien776@aol.com